1. Why did the prison experiment stop?
a. prisoners waned to quit
b. guards thought it was inhumane
c. a Berkeley professor told Zimbardo to stop it
d. Zimbardo felt the guards were out of control
2. When is it okay/acceptable to harm volunteers in a experiment? Choose the best answer.
a. never
b. sometimes
c. if the results benefit the world, way more then the harm.
d. all of the above
1. answer is C, all other possibilities are false.
2. answer is C, it could be B, but this answer is to vague.
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Monday, November 29, 2010
Chapter 3 Question
True or False: is it the researcher's responsibility to make it clear if a research project is confidential or anonymous to the respondent?
Answer: TRUE. Also, researchers should never use the term anonymous to mean confidential (Babbie 65)
Chapter 3 Question
What are the 4 main constraints on research projects for social research?
answer: scientific, administrative, ethical, and political.
Chapter 3
The Exxon Valdez case that Babbie talked about in Chapter 3 conflicted with ethical issues because:
a. The Exxon employees were forced to participate in an experiment which would help the company find a way to increase profit
b. Participants of a household survey were going to be cross-examined in regards to what they answered on the confidential survey
c. University students were forced to participate in a mock prison experiment in which participants were harmed physically and mentally
d. Interviews of the Valdez family were published despite the fact that they were promised confidentiality
Answer: B. Details about this case are on page 65 under the title of Confidentiality.
a. The Exxon employees were forced to participate in an experiment which would help the company find a way to increase profit
b. Participants of a household survey were going to be cross-examined in regards to what they answered on the confidential survey
c. University students were forced to participate in a mock prison experiment in which participants were harmed physically and mentally
d. Interviews of the Valdez family were published despite the fact that they were promised confidentiality
Answer: B. Details about this case are on page 65 under the title of Confidentiality.
Chapter 3
What was controversially unethical about Humphreys' research?
A) Invasion of privacy in the name of science
B) Disclosing their tearoom activities
C) Pretending to be a voyeur-participant
D) Both A and B
E) Both A and C
ANSWER: E
A) Correct but C is also correct.
B) Incorrect. This did not happen, he was being careful as to not harm his subjects.
C) Correct but A is also correct. This was considered unethical because of the deceit involved.
D) Incorrect. See above.
E) Correct. See above.
A) Invasion of privacy in the name of science
B) Disclosing their tearoom activities
C) Pretending to be a voyeur-participant
D) Both A and B
E) Both A and C
ANSWER: E
A) Correct but C is also correct.
B) Incorrect. This did not happen, he was being careful as to not harm his subjects.
C) Correct but A is also correct. This was considered unethical because of the deceit involved.
D) Incorrect. See above.
E) Correct. See above.
Babbie, Ch. 3 Question
Which of these is NOT an ethical issue in social research, according to Babbie?
a) The issue of harm towards participants
b) The issue of whether ethics and politics hinge on an ideological view
c) The issue of analysis and reporting
d) The issue of anonymity and confidentiality
Answer: b)
Babbie writes that both ethics and politics necessarily hinge on ideological points of view — that what is considered acceptable from one view will be considered acceptable from another point of view. (pg. 74)
a) The issue of harm towards participants
b) The issue of whether ethics and politics hinge on an ideological view
c) The issue of analysis and reporting
d) The issue of anonymity and confidentiality
Answer: b)
Babbie writes that both ethics and politics necessarily hinge on ideological points of view — that what is considered acceptable from one view will be considered acceptable from another point of view. (pg. 74)
Chapter 3:The Ethics and Politics of Social Research
What is the purpose of debriefing?
A) to interrogate the subjects in a study
B) to find out something personal about the subjects in the study
C) to interview the subject to learn about the participants experience in the study
D) to learn about what the liked or disliked
E) none of the above
The correct answer is C.
It is the correct answer because in a debriefing we want to know what their experience was and what it could have caused, like if the participant could have suffered damage due to the study they were exposed to. This helps the experimenter learn about what is not working and what needs to be changed. The experimenter doesn't need to learn about anything personal in regards to the participant nor what the subject likes or dislikes and they don't want to interrogate the subject. The purpose of a study and the use of participants is to make them feel safe and interrogating them is not going to help them cooperate. It cannot e none of the above because C is the correct answer.
A) to interrogate the subjects in a study
B) to find out something personal about the subjects in the study
C) to interview the subject to learn about the participants experience in the study
D) to learn about what the liked or disliked
E) none of the above
The correct answer is C.
It is the correct answer because in a debriefing we want to know what their experience was and what it could have caused, like if the participant could have suffered damage due to the study they were exposed to. This helps the experimenter learn about what is not working and what needs to be changed. The experimenter doesn't need to learn about anything personal in regards to the participant nor what the subject likes or dislikes and they don't want to interrogate the subject. The purpose of a study and the use of participants is to make them feel safe and interrogating them is not going to help them cooperate. It cannot e none of the above because C is the correct answer.
Ethics and Stanley Milgram
Stanley Milgram's 1962 social psychological study on obedience and conformity were ethically questionable because
a) subjects were physically harmed in the study by the administered electro-shocks.
b) the results of the respondents' surveys were not kept anonymous or confidential.
c) subjects were deceived into thinking they were causing extreme physical harm to another.
d) participation in the study by the subjects was involuntary.
Answer:
a) Incorrect - in the study, no subjects were physically harmed. However, participants were deceived into thinking they were physically harming someone.
b) Incorrect - this study was an experiement and did not involve surveys.
c) Correct -The study involved a situation where the subjects were "teachers" who were to punish a "student" whenever he answered a question incorrectly by administering electro-shocks. Really, the "student" only feigned the pain and the electro-shocks were not real, but the subjects believed they were truly harming the individual.
d) Incorrect - Milgram's subjects were all voluntary and consisted of 40 men within ages 20 to 40 from the New Haven, CT area.
sources: Milgram Experiment video (http://www.myspace.com/video/vid/5512184), Babbie Ch 3 pg 73-74
a) subjects were physically harmed in the study by the administered electro-shocks.
b) the results of the respondents' surveys were not kept anonymous or confidential.
c) subjects were deceived into thinking they were causing extreme physical harm to another.
d) participation in the study by the subjects was involuntary.
Answer:
a) Incorrect - in the study, no subjects were physically harmed. However, participants were deceived into thinking they were physically harming someone.
b) Incorrect - this study was an experiement and did not involve surveys.
c) Correct -The study involved a situation where the subjects were "teachers" who were to punish a "student" whenever he answered a question incorrectly by administering electro-shocks. Really, the "student" only feigned the pain and the electro-shocks were not real, but the subjects believed they were truly harming the individual.
d) Incorrect - Milgram's subjects were all voluntary and consisted of 40 men within ages 20 to 40 from the New Haven, CT area.
sources: Milgram Experiment video (http://www.myspace.com/video/vid/5512184), Babbie Ch 3 pg 73-74
Quiz question for chapter 3
IRB were established to address which one of the following ethical principles?
A. voluntary participation
B. anonymity
C. confidentiality
D. no harm to participants
D. No harm to participants.
Sunday, November 28, 2010
Chapter 11: ways to avoid misclassifying errors
What are some ways of avoiding misclassifying errors when doing analytic induction?
1)Select random cases from each category if possible.
2)Give three examples for each claim you make
3)Have others review your analytic interpretations
4) Report inconsistencies. Few social patterns are completely consistent.
1)Select random cases from each category if possible.
2)Give three examples for each claim you make
3)Have others review your analytic interpretations
4) Report inconsistencies. Few social patterns are completely consistent.